Bram Stoker, born to an Anglican family on November 8, 1847, in Dublin, Ireland, is best known as the author of the iconic Gothic novel "Dracula." His contributions to literature and the enduring influence of his work are significant for Irish people and Christians in interesting ways.
Here are some key aspects of Bram Stoker's life, work, and influence:
"Dracula" and Gothic Literature:
Stoker's most famous work, "Dracula," published in 1897, has had a profound impact on literature, popular culture, and the horror genre. The novel tells the story of Count Dracula, a vampire from Transylvania who seeks to spread his undead curse to England. "Dracula" is celebrated for its intricate plot, vivid characters, and atmospheric depiction of Gothic horror.
Christian Themes and Symbolism:
While "Dracula" is not explicitly a Christian allegory, it contains various themes and symbols that resonate with Christian imagery. The battle between good and evil, the concept of salvation and damnation, and the use of religious artifacts such as crucifixes and holy water are prevalent throughout the novel.
Additionally, the character of Van Helsing, a Dutch Catholic professor, represents the forces of light and righteousness combating the darkness of Dracula.
In contrast to other works in the genre, Dracula uses the force of God and His religious symbols to defeat the undead, with Stoker never questioning his characters’ faith in those symbols. This is refreshing at a time where the hermeneutics of suspicion has affected storytelling, and where every hero or noble institution must be torn down. Au contraire with Stoker, the vampire stands no match against anything that is holy.
Mike Duran has argued that,
‘For one, Christianity is portrayed in a positive light throughout Dracula. The protagonists pray, quote Scripture, seek God’s guidance, and ultimately prevail. If Count Dracula is meant to symbolize the devil, then it is clearly Stoker’s intent to show that the evil one is resisted through the power of God. And unlike much contemporary vampire fiction, Christianity is not minimized or mocked. Rather, our heroes display an unabashed reliance upon the God of Scripture and His Son, Jesus Christ.’
Noting that ‘Religious imagery and practice are explicit throughout the story. Literary critics often note the Christian allegory inherent in Dracula, not just in its overtly religious symbolism (crucifix, communion wafer, holy water, etc.), but ultimately in the collision of Christian ethics with Darwinian evolution, a topic that would have been of great interest to its Victorian audience.’ (See The New Annotated Dracula, pg. 542).
This is a topic that my friend Nancy Pearcey has covered with perspicacity in her work, The Toxic War on Masculinity.
Duran provides copious examples to buttress his point: ‘Furthermore, there are numerous impromptu prayers and reverential references to God. Here’s a sampling:
“Great God! Merciful God, let me be calm, for out of that way lies madness indeed.”
–Dracula by Bram Stoker: Chapter 3
“The real God taketh heed lest a sparrow fall. But the God created from human vanity sees no difference between an eagle and a sparrow. Oh, if men only knew!”
–Dracula by Bram Stoker: Chapter 8
“…the devil may work against us for all he’s worth, but God sends us men when we want them.””
–Dracula by Bram Stoker: Chapter 12
“Poor Mina told me just now, with the tears running down her dear cheeks, that it is in trouble and trial that our faith is tested. That we must keep on trusting, and that God will aid us up to the end. The end! Oh my God! What end?”…God can, if He wishes it, guard me as well alone as with any one present.
–Dracula by Bram Stoker: Chapter 22
“Take heart afresh, dear husband of Madam Mina. This battle is but begun and in the end we shall win. So sure as that God sits on high to watch over His children. Therefore be of much comfort till we return.”
–Dracula by Bram Stoker: Chapter 24
“God grant that we may be guided aright, and that He will deign to watch over my husband and those dear to us both, and who are in such deadly peril. As for me, I am not worthy in His sight. Alas! I am unclean to His eyes, and shall be until He may deign to let me stand forth in His sight as one of those who have not incurred His wrath.”–Dracula by Bram Stoker: Chapter 27
Influence on Popular Culture:
"Dracula" has become a cultural phenomenon, inspiring numerous adaptations in film, television, theater, and literature. Stoker's creation has become an archetypal figure in horror fiction, synonymous with vampires and the supernatural. The enduring popularity of "Dracula" speaks to its timeless appeal and its ability to captivate audiences across generations.
Irish Identity:
While Stoker's Irish identity is not overtly expressed in "Dracula," his nationality undoubtedly influenced his perspective and literary style. As an Irishman living during a period of political upheaval and cultural resurgence in Ireland, Stoker has drawn inspiration from his homeland's history, folklore, and landscape.
Literary Legacy:
Bram Stoker's contributions to Gothic literature and the horror genre have earned him a lasting place in literary history. His influence can be seen in the works of subsequent authors, filmmakers, and artists who have drawn inspiration from "Dracula" and its archetypal themes.
While not the only thing of consequence in his life, Bram Stoker's importance for Irish people and Christians lies in his cultural legacy and the enduring impact of his most famous work, "Dracula."
Borgo Pass, Transylvania | A statue of Bram Stoker
Bram Stoker's former home on Kildare Street.